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Biology · Metabolism
Photosynthesis and Respiration
12 terms · by ineedtostudy · updated 4 hours ago
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Terms in this set
Photosynthesis, overall
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂. Takes place in chloroplasts.
Light-dependent reactions
In the thylakoid membranes. Split water, release oxygen, make ATP and NADPH.
Calvin cycle
In the stroma. Uses ATP and NADPH to fix CO₂ into sugar. Light-independent, but not "dark".
RuBisCO
The enzyme that fixes carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle. Widely described as the most abundant protein on Earth.
Cellular respiration, overall
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP. Effectively photosynthesis run backwards.
Glycolysis
In the cytoplasm. Splits glucose into two pyruvate, net gain 2 ATP and 2 NADH. No oxygen required.
Link reaction
Pyruvate enters the mitochondrion and becomes acetyl-CoA, releasing CO₂.
Citric acid (Krebs) cycle
In the mitochondrial matrix. Produces NADH, FADH₂, ATP and CO₂.
Electron transport chain
In the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons from NADH and FADH₂ pump protons; oxygen is the final acceptor.
Chemiosmosis
ATP synthase makes ATP from the proton gradient flowing back across the membrane.
Anaerobic respiration
Without oxygen. Lactic acid in animals, ethanol and CO₂ in yeast. Far less ATP per glucose.
ATP yield
Roughly 30–32 ATP per glucose in eukaryotes. Older texts say 36–38; the lower figure accounts for transport costs.