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Cell biology · Division

Mitosis and Meiosis

11 terms · by ineedtostudy · updated 4 hours ago

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Terms in this set

Interphase
G1, S and G2 — the cell grows and replicates its DNA. Not part of mitosis proper.
Prophase
Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle forms.
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate, attached to spindle fibres at their kinetochores.
Anaphase
Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles.
Telophase
Chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelopes re-form around each set.
Cytokinesis
The cytoplasm divides. A cleavage furrow in animal cells; a cell plate in plant cells.
Meiosis I
The reductional division: homologous pairs separate, halving the chromosome number.
Meiosis II
The equational division: sister chromatids separate, like mitosis but on haploid cells.
Crossing over
Exchange of segments between homologous chromosomes at chiasmata during prophase I. A source of genetic variation.
Independent assortment
Homologous pairs align randomly at metaphase I, so maternal and paternal chromosomes are shuffled.
Diploid vs haploid
Diploid (2n) has both members of each homologous pair; haploid (n) has one. Human somatic cells are 2n = 46.