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Cognitive psychology
Cognitive Biases
12 terms · by ineedtostudy · updated 4 hours ago
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Terms in this set
Confirmation bias
Seeking and weighting evidence that supports what you already believe.
Anchoring
Over-relying on the first number you hear, even when it is arbitrary.
Availability heuristic
Judging probability by how easily examples come to mind. Plane crashes feel likelier than they are.
Representativeness heuristic
Judging likelihood by resemblance to a stereotype, ignoring base rates.
Base rate neglect
Ignoring how common something is in the population when assessing a specific case.
Hindsight bias
Believing after the fact that the outcome was predictable all along.
Dunning–Kruger effect
Low ability paired with overestimated ability, because the skill needed to do well is the skill needed to judge it.
Fundamental attribution error
Explaining others' behaviour by character and your own by circumstance.
Loss aversion
Losses hurt roughly twice as much as equivalent gains please. From prospect theory.
Framing effect
The same choice is evaluated differently depending on wording — 90% survival versus 10% mortality.
Sunk cost fallacy
Continuing because of what you have already spent rather than what you will gain.
Survivorship bias
Drawing conclusions from the cases that made it through, ignoring those that did not.