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Cell biology
Cell Organelles and Their Functions
12 terms · by ineedtostudy · updated 4 hours ago
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Terms in this set
Nucleus
Holds the cell's DNA and controls gene expression. Bounded by a double membrane pierced by nuclear pores.
Nucleolus
A dense region inside the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is transcribed and ribosome subunits are assembled.
Mitochondrion
Site of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Has its own circular DNA and a folded inner membrane.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Studded with ribosomes; folds and modifies proteins destined for secretion or membranes.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesises lipids, metabolises drugs, and stores calcium. No ribosomes.
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, sorts and packages proteins arriving from the ER, then ships them in vesicles.
Lysosome
Acidic vesicle full of hydrolytic enzymes that digest worn organelles and engulfed material.
Peroxisome
Breaks down very-long-chain fatty acids and neutralises hydrogen peroxide with catalase.
Ribosome
Assembles polypeptides from mRNA. Free in the cytosol or bound to the rough ER.
Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules — shape, transport and division.
Chloroplast
In plants and algae: captures light and fixes carbon. Like mitochondria, has its own DNA.
Vacuole
Storage compartment. Large and central in plant cells, where it also maintains turgor pressure.